CDL Endorsements and Restrictions

CDL Endorsements and Restrictions

Earning your commercial driver's license (CDL) is the first step towards a flourishing career as a truck driver. The demand for commercial driving workforce is huge: a lot of employers go to great lengths to find CDL drivers. But to advance your career, certain endorsements should be earned and restrictions should be removed. Whether you have a Class A, Class B, or Class C CDL, you will want to know about the different endorsements and restrictions you will face.

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CDL Endorsements

CDL endorsements are essential for commercial drivers to operate special types of commercial motor vehicles (CMVs). Outside of the Class A, B, or C CDL requirements, there are additional tests to obtain the following federal CDL endorsements.

Note: There may be additional endorsements depending on the state you legally operate in.

H Endorsement

The H endorsement is required to operate a vehicle that contains hazardous materials. A written knowledge test is needed to obtain a hazmat endorsement.

N Endorsement

The N endorsement allows CDL drivers to operate a tank vehicle (a vehicle that transports liquids or gasses). A written knowledge test is required to obtain a tank vehicle endorsement.

P Endorsement

The P endorsement is needed to operate a vehicle that seats 16 or more people, including the driver. A written knowledge test and road skills test is required for a passenger endorsement.

S Endorsement

The S endorsement allows drivers to operate a school bus. Prior to obtaining an S endorsement, a P endorsement must be earned. A written knowledge test, road skills test, separate application forms, fees, and a background check is required for a school bus endorsement.

T Endorsement

The T endorsement is necessary for CDL drivers looking to tow a double or triple trailer. A written knowledge test is required to obtain a double/triple trailers endorsement.

X Endorsement

The X endorsement is a combination endorsement for tank vehicles and hazardous materials. A written knowledge test is required to earn a combination tank vehicle and hazmat endorsement.

CDL Restrictions

CDL restrictions prohibit the operation of certain types of CMVs. The restriction code is placed on the CDL.

Note: There may be additional restrictions depending on the state you legally operate in.

E Restriction

An E restriction prohibits CDL truck drivers from operating a vehicle with a manual transmission. If a skills test is performed with an automatic transmission, an E restriction will be issued.

L Restriction

An L restriction prohibits the the operation of a vehicle with a full air brake system. If the skills test isn't taken with a full air brake system, air brake systems aren't properly checked, or air brake system components aren't properly identified, an L restriction will be issued. An L restriction will also be issued to drivers that do not pass the air brakes knowledge test.

M Restriction

An M restriction indicates that a driver can only operate a Class B or C passenger vehicle or school bus. If a driver has a Class A CDL, but obtains their passenger endorsement (P) or school bus endorsement (S) in a Class B vehicle, an M restriction will be issued.

N Restriction

An N restriction indicates that a driver can only operate a Class C passenger vehicle or school bus. If a driver has a Class B CDL, but obtains their passenger endorsement (P) or school bus endorsement (S) in a Class C vehicle, an N restriction will be issued.

O Restriction

An O restriction prohibits drivers from driving a Class A vehicle with a fifth wheel connection. An O restriction will be issued if a driver takes the skills test in a Class A vehicle that has a non-fifth wheel connection or pintle hook.

V Restriction

A V restriction is issued when a driver has a medical variance, reported by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). A medical variance includes diabetic, hearing, seizure, or vision impairments.

Z Restriction

A Z restriction prohibits drivers from operating a CMV equipped with full air brakes. A Z restriction is issued if the driver doesn't take the test with an air over hydraulic brake system.

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